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Questions of Torque-Power of DC Machine

 Problem: A Separately excited d.c motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 ohm. It runs off a 250 V d.c supply drawing an armature current of 20 A at 1,500 rpm. The torque developed for an armature current of 10 A will be______for the same field current.


Solution: V= 250 V; R= 0.5 Ω; N = 1500 rpm; I= 20 A

Induced EMF, E= V- IR= 250 - 20*0.5 = 240 V

Developed Power, P = EI= 240*20 = 4800 W

Developed Torque, T = P / Ꞷ = 4800 / (2𝜋*1500 / 60= 30.557 N-m

Assuming flux remains constant,  T ∝ Ia

TT= Ia2 Ia1

T30.557 = 10 20

T= 0.5 * 30.557 = 15.278 N-m


Problem: A 5 kw, 2000 V d.c shunt motor has an armature resistance of 1 ohm and shunt field resistance of 100 ohms. At no-load, the motor draws 6 A from a 200 V supply and runs at 1000 rpm. The rotational loss of the machine is ____W and the no load torque is _____N-m.

Solution: Under No-Load conditions there is no shaft output of the DC Machine and hence the developed power will be used to supply the Rotational Losses.

I= V/ R= 200 / 100 = 2 A

I= I- I= 6 - 2 = 4 A

E= V- IR= 200 - 4*1 = 196 V

Developed Power, P = EI= 196*4 = 784 W

Rotational Losses = 784 W

No-Load Torque, T = P Ꞷ = 784 / (2𝜋 * 1000 / 60= 7.486 N-m


Problem: The armature resistance of permanent magnet dc motor is 0.8 ohm. At no load, the motor draws 1.5 A from a supply voltage of 25 V and runs at 1500 rpm. The efficiency of the motor while it is operating on load drawing a current of 3.5 A from the same source will be?

Solution: At No-Load Developed Power is same as Rotational Losses.

At no load developed power, P = EIa

E= V- IRa =25 - 1.5*0.8 = 23.8 V

P = EI= 23.8 * 1.5 = 35.7 W

∴ friction and windage losses = 35.7 W

Under loaded condition Armature Cu loss = (3.5^2)*0.8 = 9.8 W

∴ Total losses = 35.7 + 9.8 = 45.5 W

Input to motor = V*I= 25*3.5 = 87.5 W

Efficiency, 𝜂 = [(input - losses) input* 100 %
   
                      = [(87.5 - 45.5) 87.5* 100 %

                       = 48 %

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